/ AIセキュリティとは
AIセキュリティとは
人工知能(AI)セキュリティとは、データやアルゴリズム、インフラを侵害する脅威からAIシステムを保護することに特化した分野です。これには、侵害対策、データの完全性確保、AIソリューションに対する社会的信頼の維持を目的としたポリシー、テクノロジー、ベスト プラクティスが含まれます。AIがあらゆる業界で勢いを増すなかで、AIセキュリティは信頼性と安心感を維持するうえで不可欠となっています。
Overview
• Protect AI systems: AI security protects data, models, and AI infrastructure. It reduces the risk of a data breach while maintaining integrity, safety, and trust.
• GenAI expands the attack surface: GenAI boosts productivity but widens the attack surface via prompts, plugins, and APIs. Shadow AI, data leakage, and weak governance are all AI security risks.
• Secure the AI lifecycle: Organizations must secure the full AI lifecycle with layered controls across data training, deployment, and runtime.
• Apply governance frameworks: AI governance frameworks like the NIST AI RMF help organizations control GenAI usage, stop data leakage, and maintain compliance.
AIセキュリティの概要
AIセキュリティは本質的に、従来のサイバーセキュリティ原則と人工知能ソリューション特有の要件を融合した分野です。AIシステムは広範なトレーニング データから学習するため、そのデータが改ざんされたり、悪意を持って変更されると非常に脆弱になる可能性があります。AIを安全に活用するには、アルゴリズムやモデルだけでなく、それに関連するすべてのデータセットの信頼性、機密性、完全性を確保する必要があります。そして、強力なデータ セキュリティ対策と組み合わせることで、回復力に優れたAI環境を構築することができます。
ChatGPTなどの生成AIは、機械学習の可能性を広げる一方で、新たなリスクをもたらす要因にもなっています。これらのモデルが不正に操作されると、セキュリティ部門は突然のデータ侵害に遭遇するだけでなく、知的財産に対する長期的な影響を受けるリスクにさらされます。AIが進歩し続けるなかで、さまざまな業界で事業を展開する組織はこれらの課題を防ぐために包括的な防御に投資する必要があります。
"At this scale [of enterprise AI adoption], AI behaves less like a set of discrete tools and more like always on infrastructure, continuously moving and transforming enterprise data.Access, however, remains far from unrestricted. Organizations blocked 39% of AI/ML transactions, reflecting persistent concerns around data exposure, privacy, and policy enforcement."
Read the Zscaler ThreatLabz 2026 AI Security Report |
Core Security Threats
Without AI security tools and best practices, enterprises face major AI risks like:
- Shadow AI and data leakage: Employees adopt new GenAI tools to improve their productivity, but many of these tools are unapproved or haven’t gone through security review. GenAI tool usage can result in compliance violations or leakage of sensitive data like proprietary code.
- Prompt injection: Bad actors can hide malicious instructions in content that AI agents read. Those instructions can give a bad actor a foothold in an enterprise’s environment, which they can then exploit in a larger cyberattack.
- Insecure integrations and third-party APIs: Many AI tools use integrations and plugins, but those connection points are frequently insecure and therefore expand the attack surface.
How AI Enhances Traditional Cybersecurity
With AI, traditional cybersecurity tools can speed up existing security processes and use pattern recognition capabilities to identify and respond to attacks quickly. AI addresses traditional cybersecurity challenges like alert fatigue, manual triage requirements, and a lack of visibility into novel cyberattack patterns.
Zscaler ThreatLabz 2026 AI Security Report
Get insights into the latest enterprise AI adoption trends, risks, and security strategies.
How AI Security Protects Enterprise AI Systems
Enterprises protect their AI systems by applying security controls at each phase of the AI lifecycle.
Step 1: Secure AI training data. Model training data is the backbone of an effective AI model. Without secure, comprehensive data, an AI model will be at best ineffective, and at worst a security concern.
Enterprises validate training data’s security by tracking its lineage and movement before deployment.
Step 2: Protect deployed AI models. At this stage in the AI lifecycle, security teams focus on hardening AI systems from query-based attacks.
Some AI deployment security procedures include:
- Enforcing least-privileged access controls on chatbots with API access to sensitive datasets, like customer PII.
- Model output filtering to prevent the model from sharing sensitive information with users.
Step 3: Runtime defenses protect against prompt-related threats. Runtime for generative AI is when an AI model processes a query. Any prompt that users give generative AI models can introduce risk, and enterprises address prompt risks by:
- Establishing guardrails that restrict the model from processing external content. External content can contain malicious hidden prompts that the model interprets as a legitimate prompt from an authenticated user.
- Enabling semantic-level prompt filtering. This type of filtering understands the intent behind queries and prevents threat actors from submitting malicious prompts.
Step 4: Continuously monitor AI models and security. Enterprises employ AI-SPM to address AI model behavior drift.
What is Agentic AI Security?
Agentic AI security involves securing AI agents, which are AI systems that can independently execute tasks and make decisions. While GenAI takes a single prompt and produces one output, AI agents take one request and determine the steps needed to complete the task. Agents break down the user-generated goal into subtasks and then execute on those tasks without human intervention.
AI agents typically have access to sensitive information like user credentials and internal databases. Because agents interact with other agents, external websites, and external data, they are uniquely vulnerable to compromise.
Agentic AI Risks
AI agents present a unique security risk. Because agentic AI involves chained decision-making to complete a user’s goal, it introduces risks like:
- Privilege escalation: AI agents are granted access to more resources than are strictly necessary to complete the assigned task.
- Memory poisoning: Threat actors corrupt an agent’s persistent memory with malicious instructions. A legitimate user can unintentionally execute these instructions when they engage with the agent.
- Goal hijacking: Bad actors take over the user’s instructions and prompt the agent to exfiltrate sensitive data.
Best Practices for Agentic AI Security
- Understand your AI assets: Inventory agents, models, prompts, tools, data sources, and data flows.
- Control who has access to what: Enforce least-privileged RBAC, strong authentication, scoped/short-lived credentials, locked-down tool permissions, and audit logging.
- Employ continuous, automated red teaming: Run recurring tests for jailbreaks, prompt injection, data leakage, and unsafe tool actions.
- Enforce strict guardrails: Use tool allowlists, validation, sandboxing, egress limits, PII redaction, policy filters, and approvals for high-risk actions. Enforce data integrity and governance controls to protect against data poisoning attacks.
Enforcing zero trust for agentic AI is also a best practice. When paired with real-time monitoring, zero trust helps enterprises protect against common AI attack paths.
AI Security vs. Traditional Cybersecurity vs. Cloud Security
AI security, traditional cybersecurity, and cybersecurity share a common goal of preventing unauthorized access, but these technologies differ in scope. AI security protects models, prompts, and training data from threats like prompt injection. Traditional cybersecurity and cloud security focus more on protecting networks, identities, and configurations.
AIセキュリティ戦略とベスト プラクティス
AIセキュリティに対応するには、予防的な計画と実証済みの防御への継続的な投資の両方が必要です。以下の戦略により、機密情報を保護し、変化する脅威に対してAIシステムを強化できます。
- 厳格なリスク評価:攻撃対象領域を継続的に調査し、AIパイプラインの脆弱性を検出します。
- 暗号化と鍵管理:信頼されたプロトコルを使用し、転送中データと保存データを保護します。
- 包括的なクラウド セキュリティ:クラウド サービスを使用する場合は、専門的なツールとベスト プラクティスを適用します。
- 定期的なモデル テスト:モデルを継続的に監査し、ギャップを特定するとともに、更新とパッチ適用を迅速に行います。
- ゼロトラスト アプローチの採用:ネットワークとアプリケーションでの暗黙の信頼を排除し、すべてのユーザーとデバイスに対して厳格な検証を実施します。
AIセキュリティの未来
AIが普及するにつれて、より高度なセキュリティ対策を求める声が一層高まっています。リアルタイムの脅威検出と自動修復によってサイバーセキュリティのあり方が大きく変わり、組織は潜在的な攻撃を予測し未然に防ぐ力を強化しています。AIセキュリティと最先端のセキュリティ ツールが融合することで、グローバル規模で次世代の防御体制を促進できます。
量子コンピューティングなどの新たな技術は、これまでの暗号化技術を一新する可能性を示唆しており、それに伴い、リスク管理がますます重要視されると予想されます。急速に変化する法律やガイドラインはAIの普及に影響を与える可能性があり、特に複雑なタスクを自動化したり、大量の個人データを処理したりする組織にとって重要な課題となります。AIテクノロジーをさらに安全に導入するには、業界関係者、規制当局、研究者間の連携が今後も不可欠となるでしょう。
長期的なAIセキュリティ ロードマップには、技術的な専門知識、明確な規制、責任ある実践を組み合わせた取り組みが求められます。テクノロジー業界の取り組みと十分な情報を持つ意思決定者が結びつくことで、回復力の高いAIの導入がグローバル規模で加速します。その中で、ゼロトラスト原則を活用することは、未来の課題に柔軟に対応できるAIシステムを構築するうえで欠かせないアプローチとなります。
Zscalerがどのように生成AIの利用を保護するかについては、こちらをご覧ください。
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関連コンテンツ
よくある質問
オープン ソースAIは、未検証のコード、未知の脆弱性、隠れたバックドアなど、固有のリスクを伴う可能性があります。展開前にこのようなツールを厳密に精査、テスト、監視することで、これらの潜在的な問題を軽減できます。
不正検出、推奨システム、画像認識、自然言語処理ツールは、機密データにアクセスでき、侵害された場合にビジネスに広範囲の影響を与えるため、頻繁に狙われます。
Sensitive data leakage in AI occurs when confidential information is submitted to models, stored in transcripts or telemetry, incorporated into training, or echoed back in outputs. Leakage can be accidental or triggered through adversarial prompts and inference techniques. Controls include data minimization, strong access policies, redaction/DLP, retention limits, and monitoring of interactions.
Enterprise AI governance is the set of policies, roles, and review processes that define how AI is selected, built, deployed, and monitored. It covers acceptable use, data handling, model and vendor risk, documentation and testing requirements, audit trails, and accountability for changes and outcomes. Governance helps standardize decisions as AI scales across the organization.
Zero trust for AI applies “never trust, always verify” to model access, data connections, and tool execution. Each request is authenticated, authorized, and evaluated with context such as user role, device posture, and data sensitivity. Least privilege permissions and continuous monitoring reduce blast radius if an account or workflow is abused.
An AI agent is an autonomous software system that can perceive its environment, make decisions, and execute multi-step actions to achieve a goal—with minimal or no human intervention. Examples include coding assistants, research agents, and workflow automation bots.
AI Security defends your AI systems from attacks: prompt injection, data poisoning, model theft, unauthorized access. AI Safety ensures your AI produces ethical, unbiased, safe outputs even when operating correctly. Security stops attackers. Safety stops your AI from causing harm.
AI enhances cloud security solutions with automation and pattern recognition capabilities. With AI, cloud security solutions can automatically understand alert context, prioritize those alerts, and surface relevant information to security analysts for triage. Machine learning enables behavioral baselining, in which cloud security solutions establish what typical user and device behavior looks like and then flag any deviations from that baseline.
AI in threat detection helps the solution learn new attack types and automatically update security defenses without manual intervention. Machine learning in threat detection analyzes large volumes of data to find patterns and suspicious behavior that deviates from the baseline. With deep learning, threat detection can analyze malware examples and recognize those patterns in enterprise environments.
Yes. AI improves cybersecurity by automatically updating security policies, enriching alerts with contextual information, and generating audit-ready reports for compliance purposes. AI helps cybersecurity teams get ahead of novel threats by recognizing patterns and learning from example attacks to predict attacker TTPs. When cybersecurity is enhanced with AI, teams can speed up manual security processes and respond quickly to threats.
AI data security is a category of cybersecurity solutions that protect AI resources such as AI model training data, LLM APIs, prompt inputs, and GenAI apps. It helps protect against threats like prompt injection, model poisoning, and data leakage. AI data security solutions provide the access control, data classification, governance, and runtime monitoring capabilities needed to protect enterprise AI data.
AI matters in the cloud because it goes beyond traditional rule-based security. AI-powered cybersecurity detects suspicious activity and can stop threats in real time with capabilities like behavioral baselining and predictive analytics. AI in the cloud also continuously monitors environments, patches vulnerabilities, and optimizes cloud spending.

